Final Minia Conference Proceeding page (2024)

EFFECTS OF SOME FUNGAL ISOLATES ON GERMINATION AND HAUSTORIUM INITIATION OF STRIGA HERMONTHICA (DEL.) BENTH

Effects of fungal isolate Ai41, IBA and BAP on early developmental stages of

Influence of DMBQ, sorghum root extracts and temperature on haustorium initiation of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth

2017

Tow in vitro experiments were conducted in laboratory to study the influence of 2,6-dimethoxy-ρ-benzoquinone at 2.5 - 10.0 M and sorghum root extract at 3.1 – 100 g/L on haustorium initiation of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. at different level of temperature (20 – 35°C). Treatments were laid in a factorial completely randomized design with four replicates. Striga germilings were examined for haustorium initiation 4 days of germination. Data were collected and subjected to analysis of variance procedure. Separation of means was done using Duncan's Multiple Range Test ((P ≤ 0.05). The results revealed that, 2,6-dimethoxy-ρ-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and sorghum root extract (SRE) at all concentrations tested has potentiality to induce haustoria in four–days-old S. hermonthica germlings. It seems that, the optimum concentration of DMBQ and SRE to induce haustorium initiation was 20 M and 25 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the optimum temperature for S. hermonthica germlings to produce haustoria was 30○C and at temperature higher than 30○C the germiling may begin to lose this ability.

Germination, Attachment and Development of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth Induced by Host and Non-host Crops

University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Striga hermonthica (Del) Benth is a semi-parasitic weed thatreduces yields of sorghum, maize, pearl millet, sugarcane and rice in thesemi-arid tropics. Germination of striga seed is induced by stimulantsexuded by roots of host and non-host plants. The objectives of this studywere to compare the ability of some host and non-host crops to inducestriga seed germination and haustoria formation as well as to confirm thesusceptibility of wheat and barley to infestation. S. hermonthica seedswere collected from Abu Haraz, Gezira State, Sudan, in 2004/2005, andtheir germination on some host and non-host crops was investigated usingroot chambers that allow observation of striga underground stages. Strigaseeds germinated with all tested crops. Besides sorghum varieties andmaize, S. hermonthica germinated, attached and developed to completestriga plants with barley and two cultivars of wheat from Sudan. This isthe first report of S. hermonthica parasitizing wheat and barley in Sudan.Use of root...

Biological Control of Striga hermonthica Del. Bendth: Screening for Bacteria Scavenging Strigol

Evaluation of some bacterial isolates as germination stimulants of Striga hermonthica

African journal of agricultural research

To investigate the role of Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterobacter sakazakii in Striga hermonthica seed germination, we have used two varieties of sorghum to test over time for the selected bacteria, using GR-24, a synthetic strigol analogue as a standard and water as a check. Sorghum seeds coated with a mixture of bacterial cells (5 x 10(7) cfu ml(-1)) from 24 h old cultures were planted in pasteurized potted soil, which was infested with 0.05 g (about 3000) viable S. hermonthica seed per pot 14 d before sowing. Results have indicated that the bacterial isolates could stimulate S. hermonthica germination in the laboratory and in the screen-house. In vitro, only Pseudomonas sp. 4MKS8 gave significant stimulation of S. hermonthica seed at 5% level of probability as compared to the water check. In the screen-house, the four bacterial isolates stimulated significant germination of S. hermonthica.

Influence of conditions and genotype on the amount of Striga germination stimulants exuded by roots of several host crops

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1993

Effect of Salinity on Striga hermonthica Seed Germination and Incidence on Infested Sorghum

The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica poses a serious threat to cereal production in Sudan. Seedsof Striga hermonthica were exposed to 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mM NaCl solutions during their preconditioningperiod (for 10 days) under laboratory conditions and induced to germinate by synthetic germination stimulant(GR24). Seed germination was decreased significantly with the increase in salt solution concentration. Strigagermination was reduced by 79% at salinity level of 150 mM. Haustorium initiation in response to sorghumroot macerate showed differential response to salinity. Significant reduction in haustorium initiation wasobserved only at salinity level of 150 mM. It reduced haustorium initiation by 66% than the correspondingcontrol. In the pot experiment, the effects of salt stress on Striga incidence were investigated. Soil saturatedwith 75 mM NaCl resulted in complete absence of Striga emergence. W hile sorghum treated with 50 mM NaClsustained the least Striga infestation, it r...

Potential application of Hyptis spicigera for biological control of Striga hermonthica infestation

African journal of agricultural research

Host specificity of Sudan Witchweed (Striga hermonthica [Del.] Benth.) Seed Germination and Haustorium Initiation in Response to Millet Root Exudates and Extracts

International Journal of Academic and Applied Research, 2019

Witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.] is obligate root-parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family are deadly pests for major crops all over the world. The aim of this study is to investigate host specificity of Sudan witchweed (S. hermonthica) seed germination and haustorium initiation in response to millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] root exudates and extracts. Field surveys were conducted during the seasons 2013/2014 in Striga endemic areas in Sudan to collect seeds from the parasite. Fifteen S. hermonthica populations were collected. Tow in vitro experiments were conducted at the University of Gezira, Sudan to study the effects of root exudates and root extracts of millet cv. Ugandi, cv. Ashana and cv. Sudan II on percentage of seed germination and haustorium initiation. Treatments were arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with three replicates. Data were subjected to the analysis of variance (P  0.5). The results showed that there were significant differences in seed germination and haustorium initiation of witchweed in response to root exudates and root extracts among millet cultivars and among the witchweed populations. Moreover, the highest seed germination (61.7-76.4 %) and haustorium initiation (55-58%) percentages attained by S. hermonthica collected from parasitized millet. While the lowest seed germination (35.3-37.1%) and haustorium initiation (14.3-17%) percentages attained by S. hermonthica collected from parasitized sorghum. This study confirms the existence of two levels of physiological specialization in S. hermonthica populations in Sudan. Moreover, two strains of S. hermonthica are suggested, one specific to sorghum and the other to millet. The existence of host specificity within witchweed populations are suggested to be based almost entirely on differential response of Striga isolates to root exudates and root extracts from the host.